Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) Virus

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is currently experiencing a notable increase in cases across several countries, particularly in China. This virus typically causes respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold but can lead to more severe illness in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

Current Situation:

• China: Since late 2024, there has been a significant rise in hMPV cases, especially among children under 14. Hospitals in northern China are reportedly overwhelmed with pediatric cases presenting respiratory symptoms. Despite public concern, health experts emphasize that hMPV is a known virus with established immunity in the population, and the current surge aligns with typical seasonal patterns.
• India: As of January 6, 2025, two infants in Bengaluru have tested positive for hMPV. One has been discharged, and the other is recovering. A third case involves a two-month-old in Ahmedabad. Health officials indicate no direct link between these cases and the outbreak in China, noting that the affected children have no international travel history.
• United States: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is monitoring the situation, noting that while hMPV cases have been rising since November, they remain at pre-pandemic levels and are not currently a cause for concern.

Expert Insights:

Health authorities, including the World Health Organization (WHO), advise against panic. They highlight that hMPV is not a new virus; it was first identified in 2001 and has a well-established presence globally. The current increase in cases is consistent with seasonal trends, and partial immunity in the population reduces its impact compared to novel viruses like COVID-19.

Preventive Measures:

Standard respiratory infection precautions are recommended:

• Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and water.
• Avoid Close Contact: Stay away from individuals exhibiting respiratory symptoms.
• Disinfection: Clean commonly touched surfaces regularly.
• Mask Usage: Consider wearing masks in crowded or high-risk areas.

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for hMPV, but research is ongoing. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, and severe cases may require medical attention.